• Name __________________________________ Class _________________ Date _________________________ CHAPTER 7 Vocabulary Flash Cards 7.1 (pp. 150–154) USING VISUAL AIDS Cut out the flash cards below and study the vocabulary words for this section. Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 151 republic noun form of government in which people get to vote and elect officials to run the state (hint: publicus = of the people) Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 151 dictator noun absolute ruler with all the power in a place (hint: to dictate means “to tell someone what to do”) Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 152 consuls noun chief executives elected by being voted on to run the government in ancient Rome Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 152 veto verb to refuse to approve, as in a bill or law (hint: vetare = to forbid or not to allow) checks and balances noun phrase system of government in which each group of government checks the other groups, so that the power is balanced and no one group becomes too powerful Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 152 praetors noun elected Roman officials who helped the consuls Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 152 censors noun Roman officials who registered citizens according to their wealth, or how much money they had Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 152 tribunes noun officials elected by being voted on to be Rome’s popular assemblies patricians noun powerful nobles, or landowners, who controlled Roman government and society (hint: patricius = noble) Ch. 7, Section 1, Page 153 plebeians noun common people, like farmers and workers, who made up most of the Roman population (hint: plebius = common person) Punic Wars noun phrase three large wars between Romans and Carthaginians over control of the Mediterranean Sea and expanding into other lands Ch. 7, Section 2, Page 157 equites noun class, or group, of business people and landowners in ancient Rome who had wealth and power the Gracchi noun two brothers, Tiberus and Gaius Gracchus, who saw the need for reform, or changes, in the Roman Republic Ch. 7, Section 3, Page 159 triumvirate noun political group of three rulers working together and sharing power (hint: tri = three) Ch. 7, Section 3, Page 160 Pax Romana noun phrase period of Roman peace (hint: pax = peace) Ch. 7, Section 3, Page 160 Julio-Claudian Emperors noun phrase relatives of Julius Caesar who ruled for 54 years of the Pax Romana (time of Roman peace) after the death of Augustus Five Good Emperors noun phrase five rulers who led Rome for almost 100 years during the Pax Romana gladiators noun trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in arenas as entertainment for the Romans (hint: gladius = sword) Ch. 7, Section 4, Page 166 aqueducts noun bridgelike structures that carry water (hint: aqua = water rabbis noun great religious scholars and leaders of Judaism (hint: from the Hebrew word rab, which means “great master”) Ch. 7, Section 5, Page 170 martyrs noun persons who were killed because of their religious beliefs Ch. 7, Section 5, Page 171 bishops noun overseers, or people who watch over and lead, the church in major cities (hint: episcopus = overseer) Ch. 7, Section 5, Page 171 patriarchs noun bishops in the last years of the Roman Empire pope noun title assumed by the patriarch of Rome who was the head of the church; from a Latin word meaning “father” inflation noun increase in prices caused by a decrease in the value of money (hint: to inflate means “to increase”) Ch. 7, Section 6, Page 174 Goths noun one of a group of Germanic tribes who came into the Roman Empire and later revolted, or fought against the Romans, and weakened the empire Vandals noun a group of Germanic tribes who invaded and destroyed territory in the Roman Empire (hint: The English word vandalize, which means “to destroy,” comes from the name of this tribe.) Ch. 7, Section 6, Page 175 Huns noun nomadic, or traveling, people from Asia who attacked the Roman Empire